Résultats de recherche

JuryProf. Alexandre MAUROY (UNamur), présidentProf. Timoteo CARLETTI (UNamur), promoteur et secrétaireProf. Malbor ASLLANI (Florida State University)Prof. Renaud LAMBIOTTE (Oxford Mathematical Institute)Prof. Filippo COLOMO (Università degli studi di Firenze)Prof. Christian WALMSLEY HAGENDORF (UCLouvain)RésuméFlocks of birds, people clapping in unison or the World Wide Web are some instances of complex systems in which a large number of entities interact with each other and produce some emergent phenomena. In this thesis, we pay special attention to two such complex systems, namely crowded random walks on networks, and domino tilings and vertex models. In recent years, networks and generalizations thereof have emerged as an efficient tool to model the pattern of interactions among a set of entities. Examples include social networks, transportation networks and ecological networks. A cornerstone of network science is the interplay between network structure and dynamics on networks. Among those dynamical processes, random walks play a central role. In the first part of this thesis, we study the dynamics of multiple random walkers moving across the nodes of the network, assuming the latter to be endowed with limited available space. We characterize, both analytically and numerically, the stationary states, and we subsequently apply the latter framework to a real ecological network. In the second part of the thesis, we move on to the study of the arctic curve phenomenon arising in domino tilings of double Aztec rectangles and configurations of the six-vertex model with partial domain wall boundary conditions. The latter two models manifest in the scaling limit a spatial phase separation between ordered regions and a central disordered region. We compute the arctic curve of the aforementioned models using the tangent method.

Consanguinity refers to the offspring produced from the union of two closely related individuals who share at least one common ancestor (Temaj et al. 2022). Some communities have high rates of consanguineous marriages, especially in the Middle East, where consanguinity rates of first-cousin marriages vary in Gulf countries from 20 to 50 % (Ben-Omran et al. 2020). This high rate of consanguineous marriages is due to cultural, geographical, historical, financial, political, or religious reasons (Temaj et al. 2022) (Ben-Omran et al. 2020).Consanguinity increases the chance/risk/probability to be homozygous for rare mutations in the general population (Temaj et al. 2022). These mutations can cause recessive autosomal pathologies that may be extremely rare known as rare diseases (Temaj et al. 2022). In many Middle Eastern populations, consanguineous relationships are very common, providing geneticists with a valuable source for discovering "new" genes and identifying their functions (Ben-Omran et al. 2020). Identifying these genes can help carry out diagnostic and predictive tests (genetic counseling) in affected families (Ben-Omran et al. 2020; Temaj et al. 2022). In some cases, understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in diseases can also lead to new therapeutic strategies (Salzberg 2018).In recent years, the development of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies has led to a faster identification of genes involved in rare diseases (Lal et al. 2016). Sequencing the entire genome (Whole Genome Sequencing, WGS) or the exome (Whole Exome sequencing, WES) can be achieved quickly and inexpensively (Salzberg 2018).Rare diseases are Mendelian monogenic diseases, that result from specific pathogenic variants in single genes, called germline mutations. These mutations occurring in the coding or the non-coding regions in the gene, can be inherited in dominant, recessive, or X-linked transmission modes within a family (Tukker et al. 2021). Coding sequences, known as exons, directly encode the amino acid sequence of proteins essential for various cellular functions, including enzymatic reactions, cell signaling, and structural support. Pathogenic variants within coding sequences can lead to significant disruptions and alterations in the protein structure, function, and stability (Li et al. 2013).  However non-coding sequences that represents around 98% of the entire human genome, include introns, enhancers, promotors, and regulatory elements that regulate genes’ expression. The presence of a pathogenic variant in one of these regions can alter mRNA processing and gene expression and disrupt the delicate balance of gene regulation. REFERENCEWhile coding regions, constitutes around 1 to 2% of the entire genome, , the precise functions of non-coding regions are still unraveled (Moyon et al. 2022).Our project has two main objectives.A) Firstly, to identify the pathogenic variant responsible for a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) in a young boy from a consanguineous Lebanese family. This step was achieved in 2020 and our results were published in Clinical Genetics. Indeed, a homozygous stop gain mutation in the BOD1 gene (p.R151*) was identified and was shown to be involved in the disease observed in this family. BOD1 is a crucial protein that inhibits the PP2A-B56 phosphatase at the kinetochore, which regulates the recruitment of various proteins (such as PLK1: Polo like Kinase 1 ) to ensure proper chromosome orientation during mitosis (Porter et al. 2013). Additionally, BOD1 is a part of a cytosolic variant of the SET1B/COMPASS complex, which affects the expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism (Wang et al. 2017). Studies in Drosophila have shown that BOD1 depletion in neurons causes synapse morphological abnormalities and learning defects (Esmaeeli-Nieh et al. 2016). Moreover, BOD1 was described to be responsible for ataxic-like behaviors in mice with conditional in what tissue? Knock-Out (KO) of exon 2 of this gene in the lobes IV-V of the cerebellum  (Liu et al. 2022). On another note, a homozygous nonsense mutation in BOD1 gene (p.R112*) was identified in two related Iranian females, who were diagnosed with moderate form of ID (Intellectual Disability) and primary/secondary amenorrhea (Esmaeeli-Nieh et al. 2016).B) Secondly, we aimed to study the effect of the p.R151* mutation in BOD1 gene on protein expression. To achieve this, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique to create a knock-in (KI) of the mutation in HEK293T cells. We then analyzed the effect of this mutation on the expression of Bod1 protein using Western blot technique. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate the physiological and developmental function of the BOD1 gene. For this purpose, we have generated a conditional knock-out cKO mouse model.

Comprendre et lutter contre la sécrétion anormale de protéines et combattre l’enveloppe des bactéries pathogènes : tels sont les deux axes de deux nouveaux projets UNamur sélectionnés dans le cadre du  7ème appel à projets FRFS-Welbio. Parmi les 22 dossiers sélectionnés, Alison Forrester, chercheuse qualifiée FNRS, a obtenu un Starting Grant et Xavier De Bolle, Professeur ordinaire, a obtenu un Advanced Grant. Ils sont tous les deux Investigateurs du WEL Research Institute et membres du Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS). 

Identité(s) actuelle(s) Le Congrès des Sciences permet à quelque 300 professeurs d’actualiser leurs connaissances et de garder leur enseignement en prise directe avec la réalité scientifique d’aujourd’hui.Cette année, l'ULB accueillera le congrès qui se centrera autour du thème passionnant : « Identité(s) actuelle(s) ». C’est une occasion unique pour les enseignants de sciences et de géographie de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles de se rencontrer, d’échanger et de s’inspirer.Ne manquez pas cette chance de rester à la pointe de l’éducation scientifique et de réseauter avec vos pairs. Vous pourrez entre autre, participer à des activités proposées par des chercheurs de l'Université de Namur et le CEFOSCIM (Centre de Formation Continuée en Sciences et Mathématique). Infos et programme

ECOBAT est un projet EOS (FNRS/FWO) qui réunit quatre universités : l’UCLouvain, la KULeuven, l’Université de Bonn (Allemagne), ainsi que l’Université de Namur.  Ce consortium mobilise actuellement une vingtaine de chercheurs de tous niveaux (master, doctorants, post-doctorants, promoteurs), dont le docteur Pierre Beaujean, sous la supervision du Professeur Benoît Champagne.

What? BENEVOL on Thursday and Friday, 21 and 22 November: the congress will bring together researchers working in software engineering, evolution, and maintenance. This year, we will have two keynotes: one by Prof. Andy Zaidman from TU Delft and one by Prof. Sonia Haiduc from Florida State University. IMPACT! day on November 20: as a PhD student and/or researcher, you can join us to learn to communicate what you bring to the table efficiently thanks to the tried and tested Value Proposition canvas and exchange with practitioners, who will expose the challenges they encounter daily. The IMPACT! day initiative is supported by the GRASCOMP doctoral school, and participants will receive a certificate. As a software development professional, you can join us on Wednesday afternoon, November 20, as a guest from the corporate world to share your current challenges and connect with researchers working to advance software development and maintenance practices (please do not hesitate to contact us at snail.info@unamur.be if you would like to participate in the introductory panel of guests from the professional world and/or at the World Café). When? Wednesday 20 (IMPACT Day!) Thursday 21 - Friday 22 November 2024 (BENEVOL Research Congress) Organizers Xavier Devroey, Gilles Perrouin, Benoît Vanderose, Anthony Cleve, Babette Di Guardia, Amélie Notaro, Sophie Panarotto, Alix Decrop, Tom Mens Where? TRAKK, Namur creative hub (Journée IMPACT!) S09, Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, Belgium (BENEVOL Research Congress) More information

À l'occasion de la 30e édition du Festival International Nature de Namur (FINN), l'Université de Namur, partenaire de cet événement, réaffirme son engagement pour la sensibilisation environnementale en associant sciences et art. Avec son stand immersif au village nature implanté à la citadelle et la participation de ses experts aux débats écologiques du Focus Environnement, l'Université de Namur offre un regard novateur sur la nature à travers l’enseignement. Par ailleurs, un jury d'étudiants du master en cultures et pensées cinématographiques a remis le Prix de l’Environnement lors du Gala des films professionnels.

Jury Prof. Gaëlle PONTAROTTI (Université de Namur), présidenteProf. Claire DIEDERICH (Université de Namur), secrétaireProf. Christel MOONS (Université de Gand)Prof. Karin HANNES (KULeuven)Prof. Franck MEIJBOOM (Universiteit Utrecht)Prof. Saskia ARNDT (Universiteir Utrecht)Dr Claudia HIRTENFELDER (Independent Researcher)Dr Trudy SHARP (Department of Regional NSW, Australia) Résumé Le rapport 2018 des Nations Unies World Urbanization Prospects prévoit que d’ici 2050, 68 % de la population humaine vivra en zone urbaine, ce qui causera une augmentation des interactions entre les humains et les animaux non humains. Jusqu’à présent, la recherche sur le bien-être des animaux s’est principalement concentrée sur les environnements contrôlés tels que les laboratoires, la production animale industrielle et les zoos. Cependant, dans les milieux urbains, la complexité des écosystèmes et les effets des interactions homme-animal doivent être pris en compte. L’argumentation de cette thèse est que la science du bien-être animal devrait être élargie pour inclure et répondre aux défis spécifiques des contextes urbains. En effet, la biopolitique urbaine actuelle privilégie principalement les intérêts humains et ignore souvent les perspectives et les besoins des animaux domestiques et commensaux.La thèse présente cinq publications, qui examinent le développement, la mise en oeuvre et la perception publique de la gestion gouvernementale qui influence le bien-être des animaux urbains. Deux questions de recherche sont élaborées sur la base des lacunes identifiées afin d’étudier les aspects éthiques, scientifiques et politiques du bien-être des animaux urbains en Belgique. D’une part, comment la politique gouvernementale et sa mise en oeuvre influencent-elles le bien-être des animaux urbain (domestiques et commensaux), avec une attention particulière pour les chats, chiens, pigeons, renards, souris et rats ? D’autre part, quelles stratégies peuvent améliorer la coexistence harmonieuse urbaine de ces animaux avec les humains du point de vue du bien-être animal ? Les réponses à ces questions seront fournies lors de la défense publique. Abstract The 2018 UN World Urbanization Prospects report predicts that by 2050, 68% of the human population will live in urban areas, which will lead to an increase in interactions between humans and non-human animals. Animal welfare research has hitherto mainly focused on controlled environments such as laboratories, animal industry and zoos. In urban environments, on the other hand, the complexity of ecosystems and the effects of human-animal interactions must be taken into account. The thesis in this dissertation is that animal welfare science should be further developed to tackle the specific challenges of urban contexts. In addition, current urban biopolitics gives priority to human interests and often ignores the perspectives and welfare needs of both domestic and commensal animals.The dissertation presents five publications, looking at the development, implementation and public perception of governmental policy and management that influences the welfare of urban animals. Two research questions are developed based on the identified research gaps in order to study the ethical, scientific and policy-related aspects of urban animal welfare in Belgium. On the one hand, how do governmental policy and its implementation influence the welfare of urban animals (domestic and commensal), with particular attention to cats, dogs, pigeons, foxes, mice and rats? On the other hand, what strategies can enhance the harmonious urban coexistence of these animals and humans from the point of view of animal welfare? Answers to these questions will be provided during the public defense.

L’Université de Stanford a publié un classement prestigieux qui met en lumière les chercheurs les plus influents dans un large éventail de domaines scientifiques. Cette liste, établie sur base de critères bibliographiques, vise à fournir un moyen normalisé d'identifier les leaders scientifiques mondiaux. Il s’agit d’un critère parmi d’autres permettant d’évaluer la qualité de la recherche scientifique. Douze chercheurs de l’Université de Namur en font partie !

Étudiante en 3e année de médecine vétérinaire et passionnée par le dessin, Élise Hottois a transformé un des murs de la Faculté des sciences en une véritable œuvre d'art.