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The XPS technique can be used to detect elements present on the surface of samples, determine their atomic concentration and chemical state (e.g., C-C, C-O, C-F or oxidation states). It is also possible to perform depth profiling to determine the atomic concentration of multilayers.

The graduation ceremony for the Master of Specialization in Digital Law took place this Friday, October 3, 2025, in the presence of the Rector, Annick Castiaux, and the Federal Minister for Digital Affairs and Science Policy, Vanessa Matz. A double presence that symbolizes the importance of the role of new graduates in our increasingly digitized societies.

In 2025–2026, the UNamur School of Law has the honor and privilege of welcoming Professor Delphine Misonne as the recipient of a Francqui Chair awarded by the Francqui Foundation: “Need for the Environment, Need for Law?” Delphine Misonne is an FNRS Research Fellow, Professor at UCLouvain, Director of CEDRE, and a member of the Royal Academy of Belgium.The organization of this lecture is fully aligned with the Faculty of Law’s overarching theme dedicated to the environment, nature, and our earth—the very foundation of life: “Re-enchanting the Earth.” 

Pierre AssenmakerSandrine BiémarLouis CarréJérémy DodeigneCatherine GuirkingerWafa HammediErika Lombart (ADRE)Laurence MeurantLouis Escouflaire (research logistician)

Jean-François Colomer | Department Manager Corry Charlier | Engineer Caroline De Bona | Technician

1) JEOL 6010LV RESOLUTIONHigh vacuum mode 4.0 nm at 20 kV 8.0 nm at 3 kV 15.0 nm at 1 kVLow vacuum mode 5.0 nm at 20 kVGROSSISSISSION 8X to x 300kXIMAGING MODEsecondary electron (SEI)backscattered electron (BEI) QUANTAX SDD energy-selective X-ray microanalyzer and Detector for backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD) e-Flash QUANTAX from BRUKEREnergy resolution < 129 eV at MnKaSize 30 mm²Effect-cooledExcellent performance in light and low-energy elements, B - Am element rangeCMOS imagingImage resolution: 720 x 540 pixelSpeed: up to 520 frames/second (fps)Data acquisition and processing are carried out using the same interface. 2) JEOL 7500F RESOLUTION1.0 nm at 15 kV1.4 nm at 1 kV (Gentle beam mode)2.0 nm at 1 kV (SEM mode)GROSSISSING25X to 1000kXIMAGINGODESin secondary electrons (2 detectors SEI or LEI)backscattered electrons (LABE)transmitted electrons (TED)ACCELERATION POTENTIALEMS mode: 0.5 to 30 kV (in 10 V steps from 0.5 to 2.9 kV and in 100 V steps from 2.9 to 30 kV)GB mode: 0.1 to 4 kV (in 100V steps) Energy-selective X-ray microanalyzer JED-2300FDetector: Ultra Nine 30Size 30 mm²Liquid nitrogen cooling (Dewar 9.5 l)Resolution better than 138 eV (FWHM) on the Ka manganese lineDetection from Boron to Uranium

1) FEI TECNAI 10 SOURCEW filamentPERFORMANCE AT 100 KVTEM point resolution : 0.42 nmTEM line resolution : 0.34 nmTEM Magnification range : 19X - 530kXIMAGING MODESbright field modedark field modeACCELERATION POTENTIALfrom 40 kV to 100 kV 2) FEI TECNAI G² 20 SOURCELaB6 filamentPERFORMANCE AT 200KVTEM point resolution : 0.27 nmTEM line resolution : 0.14 nmTEM Magnification range : 25X - 700kXMODE STEM - HAADF DETECTORSTEM Resolution : 1 nmSTEM magnification range : 100X - 5MXACCELERATION POTENTIALfrom 80 kV to 200 kV BRUKER QUANTAX SDD energy-selective X-ray microanalyzerDetector: XFlash®6 (Dry Silicon Drift SDD)Size 30 mm²Peltier coolingResolution better than 129 eV (FWHM) on the Ka manganese lineDetection from berillium ESPRIT control software 3) JEOL JEM-F200 Cryo SourceCold FEGPERFORMANCE AT 200 KVTEM point resolution : 0.27 nmTEM line resolution : 0.14 nmTEM Magnification range: 25X - 700kXSTEM MODE AT 200 KVSTEM Resolution: 0.19 nmSTEM magnification range: 100X - 5MXACCELERATION POTENTIAL80, 120 kV and 200 kVCryogenic sample holder with pump station (SIMPLE ORIGIN) Double-grid cryogenic sample holderMaintains low, stable sample temperatures at around -175°C for around 10 hours± 60° tilt (on F200 cryo pole piece)

Leica EM GP2 Automatic Plunge Freezer TemperatureHumidityPre-blotting timeBlotting timePost-blottingNumber of blottingPosition of blottingSample rotationSingle or multiple blottingCan be optimized for each specimen and grid type. Temperature and amount of nitrogen can be controlled. Microtomization equipment UC Enuity (LEICA)Ultramicrotome with cryo chamberEM Rapid (LEICA)Pyramitome CATHODIC SPRAY METALLIZERS QUORUM Q150T/ESDeposit thickness controlled by quartz balanceMetal deposits (noble or oxidizable)Carbon depositsHydrophilization of surfacesJEOL JFC-1300Gold deposits OLYMPUS BX51 OPTICAL MICROSCOPE Transmitted and reflected lightOlympus SC 30 camera (3.3 megapixel CMOS sensor)Olympus u-CMAD3 camera adapterTrinocular: x4, x20 and x50Olympus cellSens Entry program IT SUPPORT Tecnai Imaging and Analysis softwareAvizo for tomography via Tecnai 20Aphelion Dev.Analysis station

This Francqui Chair offers a fresh perspective on the advances and tensions that characterize the way in which the law currently organizes society's relationship with the environment, as an essential substrate for human life and the balance of ecosystems. Far from presenting this law as having reached its peak, it is its recent major advances that will be discussed, as well as the risks of regression that threaten it. If the ambition to protect the environment has indeed become a legal issue, how are its essential drivers evolving, whether in terms of climate, human health, or the status accorded to nature?The conference will be followed by a local drink offered by the Cercle de Droit, the Régionale la Binchoise, and the Régionale RTM.Free event. Registration strongly recommended. More information and full program I'm signing up

This Francqui Chair offers a fresh perspective on the advances and tensions that characterize the way in which the law currently organizes society's relationship with the environment, as an essential substrate for human life and the balance of ecosystems. Far from presenting this law as having reached its peak, it is its recent major advances that will be discussed, as well as the risks of regression that threaten it. If the ambition to protect the environment has indeed become a legal issue, how are its essential drivers evolving, whether in terms of climate, human health, or the status accorded to nature?The conference will be followed by a local drink offered by the Cercle de Droit, the Régionale la Binchoise, and the Régionale RTM.Free event. Registration strongly recommended. More information and full program I'm signing up

This Francqui Chair offers a fresh perspective on the advances and tensions that characterize the way in which the law currently organizes society's relationship with the environment, as an essential substrate for human life and the balance of ecosystems. Far from presenting this law as having reached its peak, it is its recent major advances that will be discussed, as well as the risks of regression that threaten it. If the ambition to protect the environment has indeed become a legal issue, how are its essential drivers evolving, whether in terms of climate, human health, or the status accorded to nature?The conference will be followed by a local drink offered by the Cercle de Droit, the Régionale la Binchoise, and the Régionale RTM.Free event. Registration strongly recommended. More information and full program I'm signing up

This Francqui Chair offers a fresh perspective on the advances and tensions that characterize the way in which the law currently organizes society's relationship with the environment, as an essential substrate for human life and the balance of ecosystems. Far from presenting this law as having reached its peak, it is its recent major advances that will be discussed, as well as the risks of regression that threaten it. If the ambition to protect the environment has indeed become a legal issue, how are its essential drivers evolving, whether in terms of climate, human health, or the status accorded to nature?The conference will be followed by a local drink offered by the Cercle de Droit, the Régionale la Binchoise, and the Régionale RTM.Free event. Registration strongly recommended. More information and full program I'm signing up