UNamur's Biology Department contributes its genetic expertise to saving a herd of mouflons

In recent months, the commune of Gesves, in the province of Namur, was confronted with the presence of a herd of mouflons, wild sheep recognizable by their impressive spiral horns. At the origin of this one: a male and a female probably escaped from a private hunt, who settled and reproduced in the meadows of this rural commune in 2019, until forming a full-fledged herd of 17 individuals in 2024.

While these sheep won the affection of the locals, local farmers deplored the damage caused to their crops. Their complaints led in August 2024 to a destruction authorization from the Department of Nature and Forestry (DNF). Several individuals were also shot during the hunting season.

Touched by the fate of these animals, a handful of local residents have been carrying out a veritable rescue operation for the seven mouflons still present on the meadows since January. The maneuver promised to be complex, to say the least: on the one hand, it was necessary to gather the official authorizations required to capture and transport the mouflons to a suitable location, and on the other hand, to set up an infrastructure to capture them.

Alongside this initiative, the mobilized local residents - including Nathalie Kirschvink, a veterinarian and professor at UNamur's Faculty of Medicine - called on the expertise of the laboratories of UNamur's Environmental and Evolutionary Biology Research Unit (URBE) to clarify a crucial question: the origin of the mouflons. Indeed, in our regions, mouflons are considered game and therefore huntable, while mouflons from certain lineages benefit from protection.

Nathalie Kirschvink therefore entrusted fresh samples made up of hair and dung to Alice Dennis, professor and researcher at the URBE. Sequencing the DNA contained in these samples enabled Alice Dennis and technician Jérôme Lambert to identify kinship links between the Gesves bighorn sheep and those from a Corsican lineage, whose genome had already been described in the scientific literature.

This expertise lies at the heart of URBE's research, which uses the tools of molecular ecology to study both the physiology of organisms (such as snails for Alice Dennis) and their interactions with their environment. The methodology used can be applied to very concrete, local cases, such as that of the Gesves bighorn sheep, but, more broadly, serve to better understand genetic diversity between species with a view to safeguarding biodiversity.