Pressure to publish, short-term funding, competition, and the precarious nature of early-career stages: Can these constraints push young researchers to prioritize “safer” projects at the expense of more original ideas? This is the central question of an international publication to which Eli Thoré, an assistant professor at the University of Namur, contributed.

Having been interested for several years in “metascience”—that is, the study of how science itself works—he participated in the discussions, the development of ideas, and the drafting and revision of the manuscript. The project, launched at the initiative of Phillip Haubrock in late 2025, led to numerous exchanges among the authors before it was finally published in *Nature Human Behaviour*. “The exchanges were very fruitful and, at first, quite chaotic!” says Eli Thoré.

To conduct their analysis, the authors compiled numerous studies on the workings of the academic world. Their conclusion is clear: scientific creativity is not merely an individual trait; it also depends on the conditions under which researchers work. 

Short-term funding, pressure to publish, emphasis on the number of articles or the prestige of journals, fierce competition for positions or funding… All these constraints can push researchers to prioritize projects whose results are easier to predict, at the expense of more original or risky ideas. 

This situation particularly affects early-career researchers. They often have less autonomy, and their future depends more heavily on upcoming publications, grant applications, or job opportunities. Taking a risk in one’s research can thus also become a risk to one’s career. 

The consequences can be significant. For example, a study cited in the publication shows that narrowly failing to secure key funding early in one’s career increases the risk of leaving academia by more than 10 percent. 

Eli Thoré himself acknowledges having felt this tension between creativity and the need to demonstrate in advance that a project will succeed. During his Ph.D., he became interested in the daily rhythms of animal behavior—similar to our sleep-wake cycle—and how they might modify the effects of environmental pollution. At the time, this line of inquiry was quite removed from his main research project.  Yet he decided to pursue it. Over time, this idea became a central focus of his research. “If I had limited myself to questions I already knew were safe and easy to justify, I might never have gotten here,” he explains.

The authors propose several approaches to create an environment more conducive to this kind of scientific risk-taking. These include: providing funding over longer periods, offering greater stability to early-career researchers, reducing certain administrative burdens, and revising the criteria used to evaluate a scientific career. 

The idea, in particular, is to no longer measure success solely through easily quantifiable indicators, such as the number of publications or the prestige of journals, but to give greater weight to originality, collaboration, perseverance, and scientific independence. The publication also emphasizes three essential conditions for creativity: time, autonomy, and the freedom to fail.

The paper therefore puts forward an idea that seems fairly simple on the surface: if we want researchers to be creative, we must give them the freedom to be so. This is a particularly important issue for young scientists, who will shape the future directions of research. Congratulations to Eli Thoré and all the researchers involved in this work on their publication in *Nature Human Behaviour*! 

For the MSCA Doctoral Networks 2025 call, 1,616 proposals were submitted and 141 were selected, representing a success rate of 9.6%. In this highly competitive environment, the selection of three projects involving UNamur sends a strong signal: it confirms the scientific excellence of Namur’s teams and their ability to build high-level international partnerships in support of doctoral training and innovation. Six doctoral dissertations will be eligible for funding.

In many neurological diseases, both inflammation of the nervous system and imbalances in the gut microbiota are observed. GlycoAxis aims to go beyond simple correlations by identifying the molecular “messengers” that link the gut, the immune system, and the brain. The project focuses on complex sugars found on the surface of certain bacteria (glycans), which are suspected of playing a key role in immune activation and neuroinflammation. The goal: to better understand these mechanisms and pave the way for new diagnostic tools, imaging techniques, or biomarkers for brain health.

In the face of climate change, pollution, and habitat fragmentation, some ecosystems weather the shocks… while others collapse. ReDiLeep focuses on a key driver of this resilience: response diversity—that is, the fact that different species (or ecological functions) do not all react in the same way to a disturbance. The project aims to better measure and model this mechanism in order to link research more directly to the needs of conservation, restoration, and public policy regarding biodiversity.

Our digital communications rely on light: optical fibers, sensors, and photonic circuits capable of processing information. But with the explosion of data, the rise of AI, and the advent of ever-faster networks, it is becoming crucial to control light dynamically—much faster than is possible with current components, which are often “static.” SPARK is exploring a new approach: combining spatiotemporal metamaterials (nanoscale structures designed to shape light) with light that is itself “structured” in space and time. The result: reconfigurable photonic technologies for computing, imaging, and ultra-fast communications.

Brendan Reid comes from New Jersey, USA.  He was appointed Professor of Biology at the University of Namur in September 2025 and became a member of the Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE).  His research focusses on changes in aquatic and semi aquatic organisms and communities. He is particularly interested in fish and herps.  To carry out his research, he uses (meta)genomics and field research, as well as demographic and genomic data.  The goal? The preservation and management of diversity.

Brendan Reid's research combines cutting-edge genomic sequencing in space and time with habitat and demographic data, and computational methods.  The aim is to understand the evolutionary responses of species and communities to environmental change over time and to propose conservation solutions to ensure their sustainability. He is particularly interested in using genetics and museum collections to understand the basis of species responses to new stresses and to preserve biodiversity in the current era of global climate change.

In a mid-January seminar, Brendan Reid presented his research to his new colleagues: the members of the ILEE Institute and members of the Department of Biology, URBE.

How can genetics teach us about biological diversity? 

He carried out a postdoc research project about the genetic barcoding and identification of marine and freshwater turtles.  Another research project enabled him to analyse environmental DNA to assess different communities in highly human-impacted environments: reef monitoring, rivers in urban environments.

Photo: A Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) from one of the populations studied in Wisconsin © Brendan Reid 

How does loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding affect small populations?

He investigated this question in 2 postdoc research projects: one about the genetics of freshwater fish and another one about the inbreeding and fitness in endangered rattlesnakes.

How do populations respond to increasing human impact over time?

His PhD was about turtles and roads.  There is still ongoing work on turtles thanks to a USFWS grant.  He is currently leading a large-scale project to create a genomic database for the endangered Blanding's turtle, which will be used in USA conservation planning and forensics.

Postdoc research was carried out on historical genomics of fish to investigate how genetical diversity has changed over time. The “fisheries-induced evolution in cod project” used historic and contemporary samples from Norway and from Newfoundland, Canada. 

Photo: Brendan Reid in the Lofoten Islands, Norway, with drying racks used in Norwegian cod fishing—one of the studies in which researchers used samples from 1907 paired with samples from the 2010s to understand how cod have adapted to overfishing. © Patrice Escandon

The article “Detecting parallel polygenic adaptation to novel evolutionary pressure in wild populations: a case study in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)” is available in open access.

For historical samples, this was made possible in particular through the ARC Albatros recollection project (in the Philippines) refers to the USS Albatros expedition in 1908-1909, which brought back a huge collection of specimens conserved in ethanol (high powered rum 😊), not formalin.  More than 10.000 specimens were paired with contemporary sampling taken from 60 sites between 2017 and 2022. 

The ongoing PIRE project in the Philippines investigates changes in tropical (not temperate) regions, though a main goal is to determine whether the trends are similar across different climatic zones.  It links museum specimens collected in the early 1900s to contemporary populations to understand how habitat changes have influenced the neutral and adaptive genetic diversity of fish.

All of this research has led to the general conclusion that insect, bird, mammal, and fish populations have declined and lost between 6% and 16% of their diversity to date. Genomics confirms a recent collapse in populations, probably linked to habitat change caused by human activity. There has also been a 4% loss of diversity in areas with high human density, and stronger selection in areas of greater development. Finally, tropical fish are losing their genetic diversity overall.

Brendan would also like to look into historical genomics (mainly in insects) to identify signs of change and adaptation in communities based on data collected from specimens.

And work on the renaturation of Europe in general, mainly rivers and canals.

Brendan would like to determine species conservation needs and issues by analyzing breeding programs in zoos. He also wants to continue genetic analysis of populations and collect data in the field in order to maintain consistency between theory and practice and, above all, to accurately target the species most in need of protection. 

Given his wealth of research, cutting-edge expertise, and motivation, it is no surprise that Brendan Reid was chosen to join the URBE team in the Department of Biology.

Welcome, Brendan! 

In 2021, Professor Frédérik De Laender was approached by American researchers to contribute to a study on the evolution of aquatic diversity in rivers in the USA. The aim: to analyze changes in aquatic diversity and identify the factors behind them. To answer this question, the researchers analyzed data collected over thirty years, covering 389 fish species in nearly 3,000 rivers and streams.

"There was already a lot of data on aquatic diversity in the USA, but it was scattered, recorded in different formats and produced using a variety of techniques and methodologies," explains Frédérik De Laender. "The challenge was therefore to harmonize them, in order to form a coherent whole, capable of revealing trends over several decades and on a continental scale."

In this study entitled "Diverging fish biodiversity trends in cold and warm rivers and streams" researchers studied 389 fish species in 2,992 rivers and streams, between 1993 and 2019. The results show contrasting trends depending on water temperature:

• In cold waters (< 15.4°C), the number of fish fell by 53% and the number of species by 32%. Small fish have declined, replaced by larger species often introduced for sport fishing.
• In warm waters (> 23.8°C), by contrast, the number of individuals has increased by 70% and diversity by 16%, with small opportunistic species dominating.
• Intermediate streams (15-24°C) showed little change.

These trends show that temperature changes and the introduction of certain fish species for fishing are helping to transform local aquatic communities.

Frédérik De Laender is a theoretical community ecologist who studies the links between environmental change, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Primarily focused on modeling, he has also conducted experiments on plankton and contributed to meta-analyses. His work focuses in particular on ecological stability and coexistence, to better understand the mechanisms that determine community composition.