Welcome to ILEE, the Institute of Life, Earth and Environment at the University of Namur, committed to addressing pressing environmental issues.
We bring together a team of experts from diverse backgrounds and disciplines to work collaboratively using innovative technologies and rigorous scientific methods to make meaningful contributions to the field of environmental science.
The ILEE Institute is a member of Alternet, the European ecosystem research network.
Our institute is dedicated to advancing fundamental and applied research for a better understanding of the underlying processes that regulate life on earth, to characterizing anthropogenic pressures on the environment and vice versa, and to finding sustainable alternatives for managing natural resources, reducing pollution, and conserving and restoring biodiversity.
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Spotlight
Agenda
Public Defense of a Doctoral Dissertation in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Bastien Tirtiaux
Mechanistic Insights into the Hyphal Form of Malassezia and Its Role in Skin-Pathogen Interactions
Abstract
Malassezia is a lipid-dependent basidiomycetous yeast found in the skin microbiota that thrives in sebum-rich areas such as the scalp, chest, and back. Although commensal and potentially beneficial, Malassezia is also associated with skin disorders including atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and pityriasis versicolor (PV). PV is characterized by a morphological transition from round-to-oval yeast cells to invasive hyphae. However, host responses to Malassezia hyphae remain unknown, as this phenotype has never been described in any infection model. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms driving hyphal growth are poorly understood. Here, we developed an in vitro infection model using reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) and found that only diploid strains, carrying both compatible mating-type (MAT) alleles, formed hyphae and invaded the cornified layer of RHE, mimicking PV histological sections. These strains caused marked impairment of the skin barrier and elicited strong keratinocyte responses that differed from those induced by yeast-forming strains. In addition, MAT-compatible haploid strains carrying distinct resistance markers were co-cultured on minimal medium supplemented with olive oil. This resulted in double-drug-resistant fusion products that harbored MAT alleles from both parents and had acquired the ability to form invasive hyphae. Taken together, this work provides the first insight into host responses to Malassezia hyphae and links hyphal morphogenesis to mating, paving the way for a better understanding of Malassezia pathogenicity.
Public Defense of a Doctoral Dissertation in Biological Sciences - Maria Moreno Druet
Saprotrophic Soil Fungi Under Heat Wave Temperatures: Acclimation, Shifts in Trait Values, and Microbial Competition
Judging Panel
- Prof. Frédéric SILVESTRE (UNamur), Chair
- Prof. Frederik DE LAENDER (UNamur), Secretary
- Prof. François RINEAU (UHasselt)
- Prof. Nadejda SOUDZILOVSKAIA (UHasselt)
- Prof. Peter KENNEDY (University of Michigan)
- Dr. Viktoria RADCHUK (IZW Berlin)
- Dr. Margaux BOERAEVE (KULeuven)
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heat waves, with potentially significant consequences for soil functioning. Saprotrophic fungi play a key role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, yet their responses to heat waves remain poorly understood. Therefore, this thesis investigates the responses of soil saprotrophic fungi to heat wave temperatures using Petri dish experiments and soil microcosms.
Experiments with seven fungal species revealed limited and highly variable thermal acclimation, while pigmentation and spore production failed to predict fungal responses. A broader assessment of ecophysiological traits across six species showed pronounced but taxon-specific trait shifts under heat wave temperatures. These shifts were not consistently correlated with one another and generally failed to predict changes in intrinsic growth. In fungal-bacterial cocultures, fungi consistently reduced bacterial abundance, likely through pH-mediated acidification, whereas bacterial effects on fungi were limited. These interactions remained largely unchanged under elevated temperatures. Finally, a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) workflow was developed to quantify fungal abundance in soil microcosms. In contrast to observations from Petri dish experiments, the target fungal species reached higher abundance under reference conditions than under heat wave temperatures.
Overall, this thesis demonstrates that the responses of soil saprotrophic fungi to heat waves are both ecologically context-dependent and taxon-specific. The limited predictive power of the traits examined, along with the contrasting responses observed between laboratory and soil experiments, highlight the challenges of extrapolating individual fungal responses to more complex environments. Accounting for this variability is essential to improve predictions of soil microbial functioning and its contribution to ecosystem responses under future climate change.
Public Defense of a Doctoral Dissertation in Geography - Inès Sopbué Kanguem
Mapping the Risk of Rift Valley Fever and Ebola Virus Disease Outbreaks in Cameroon: A Geographic Information System-Based Multicriteria Assessment.
Judging Panel
- Prof. Grégoire WIEËRS (UNamur), Chair
- Prof. Catherine LINARD (UNamur), Secretary
- Prof. Nathalie KIRSCHVINK (UNamur)
- Dr. Tanguy MARCOTTY (UNamur)
- Dr. Abel WADE (National Veterinary Laboratory of Cameroon)
- Dr. Guy HENDRICKX (Avia-GIS)
- Prof. Claude SAEGERMAN (University of Liège)
- Dr. Nick DE REGGE (Sciensano)
Abstract
How can we anticipate the emergence of a disease in a country where no clinical outbreak has yet been officially confirmed and where epidemiological data are scarce? This doctoral dissertation seeks to address this challenge by studying two major health threats in Cameroon: Rift Valley fever and Ebola virus disease.
This research proposes a participatory One Health approach, combining a scoping review of the scientific literature with local expertise through risk mapping. One of its unique features is the development of a participatory risk assessment tool: experts from various disciplines were consulted individually to identify the factors that could contribute to the emergence of these diseases and to weigh their relative importance month by month, throughout the year. This approach recognizes the value of on-the-ground knowledge—which is sometimes absent from scientific publications—and underscores the importance of involving local stakeholders in discussions about health risk prevention.
By combining scientific literature and local expertise in equal measure, this research produced maps identifying areas where conditions could favor the emergence of Rift Valley fever in livestock herds and the transmission of the Ebola virus from wildlife to humans. An interactive web-based mapping platform was also developed to enable future evaluation by field experts.
These maps do not predict the next epidemic. Rather, they offer a way to target surveillance, promote early detection, and strengthen preparedness for health crises. Because while we cannot always prevent a disease from emerging, knowing where to focus our efforts can give us a head start.
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