Bachelor in Political Sciences : General
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Schedule
regular course
- ECTS Credits 180
Your bachelor's degree begins with a broad training in human sciences (political economy, law, philosophy, history, sociology, media information) and analytical tools (qualitative methods, statistics and database).
You will learn to master the basics of the four major axes of the discipline: political sociology, analysis of public action, theory and history of political ideas, and international and European relations.
By the second block, you're right at the heart of what makes political science so special! You'll master Belgian politics and power games at national, European and international levels. The international aspect of your training becomes clearer thanks to courses in economic relations, international relations, public law and European institutions, international economic policy... but also thanks to meetings with professionals in the field.
You're off to a good start
- you want to master the mechanisms of how our society works;
- you want to participate directly in the management of our society and its evolution;
- you are passionate about current affairs and political issues at national, European and international levels;
- you have an analytical and critical mind;
- you express yourself fluently orally and in writing and wish to do so in other languages.
Teaching methods
Courses, exercise sessions, project coaching, meetings with industry professionals... everything is done to ensure excellent mastery of concepts and the development of practical skills.
From the outset, you learn to identify political phenomena, search for information, analyze data and propose concrete actions in response to various institutional, economic, social, and diplomatic challenges.
Throughout your training, you develop communication skills, not only in French, but also in two other languages: English and Dutch or German or Spanish. From Block 2 onwards, several courses are taught entirely in English and are based on individual and directed readings, learning the vocabulary of the discipline, group discussion sessions...
During seminars and numerous practical assignments, you meet officials from international institutions, Belgian politicians and representatives of civil society. Thanks to their experiences, you'll take a fresh look at the pillars of political science to become specialists in them.
At the heart of political issues right from the baccalaureate!
Project-based learning crosses and mobilizes your knowledge of several disciplines around concrete cases.
Like true policy experts, you learn to work collaboratively and demonstrate multiple skills:
- from observation, documentary research, source criticism, data collection and analysis;
- to the production of a high-quality report - with, in some cases, a policy brief written in English - which you and your team present before a jury.
To boost your foreign-language communication soft skills, coaching is provided by your language teachers.
Learning by doing pedagogy |
| projects take an increasingly important part in your bachelor's course, through concrete and diversified political science cases: | IN BLOCK 1:
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IN BLOCK 2:
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IN BLOCK 3:
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International experience
At the end of your bachelor's degree, you will have the opportunity to study in France (Université de Montpellier, Université Catholique de Lille...), the Netherlands (Maastricht University), the United States (Creighton University), Spain (Valencia University, Loyola Andalusia University), Italy (Sacred Heart University-Milan, Salerno University) or Germany (Trier University).
Success aids
Succeeding in a year of study at university involves many challenges.
To help you meet them, UNamur supports you in developing your disciplinary, methodological and human skills... with the support of numerous professionals.
Preparatory courses, individualized help...
After the baccalauréat: the master's degree
The bachelor's degree in political science at UNamur gives access to master's degrees at all the universities of the Wallonia-Brussels Federation, such as the master's degree in political science (general orientation or international relations), the master's degree in public administration, or the master's degree in European studies.
But many Université de Namur students decide to pursue their studies at prestigious universities abroad (Sciences Po Paris, King's College London, University of Edinburgh, School of Oriental and African Studies - SOAS, University of Amsterdam....).
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Choice of course
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International Relations Department
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 LHISB005 Historical introduction to the main non-European civilisations ("Arab-Muslim world - Sub-Saharan Africa" module) Renard Etienne 45h th. 5 LHISB006 Historical introduction to the main non-European civilisations (India-China module) 45h th. 5 LHISB319 War and Strategy in Late Modern History Tixhon Axel 30h th. 5 EFASB359 International economic relations Trimarchi Lorenzo 30h th. 5 -
Democracies and Society Transitions stream
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 EPOLB216 New social and political conflicts Borriello Arthur 30h th. + 15h ex. 5 EPOLB308 Theories of democracy and democratic innovations De Briey Laurent 30h th. + 15h ex. 5 EPOLB309 Ecological governance 30h th. + 15h ex. 5
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Political Science
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 EPICB160 Political Science Dodeigne Jérémy 45h th. + 15h ex. 5 EPOLB118 Introduction to diplomacy Braspenning Thierry 30h th. + 15h ex. 5 EPOLB260 History of political ideas De Briey Laurent 30h th. + 15h ex. 4 EPOLB217 Democracies, Populisms and Extremism Borriello Arthur 30h th. + 15h ex. 5 LHISB204_Prêté Belgian political structures and institutions in contemporary times Dodeigne Jérémy Tixhon Axel 45h th. 5 EPOLB317 Public governance 30h th. + 15h ex. 5 EPOLB362 International Relations Theories Braspenning Thierry 30h th. + 15h ex. 5 Soft skillsEPOLB364 Belgian and comparative policy issues Dodeigne Jérémy Dodeigne Jérémy 45h th. + 15h ex. 5 -
Law
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 ECGEB130 Foundations of law De Streel Alexandre 45h th. + 15h ex. 5 DROIB102 Constitutional law Vuye Hendrik 75h th. + 6h ex. 5 EPOLB315 History and law of international relations 30h th. 3 DROIB210 EU Institutional law De Streel Alexandre 45h th. 5 -
Economy
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 ECGEB170 Economic facts and decisions De Crombrugghe De Picquendaele Alain 45h th. + 15h ex. 5 ECGEB270 Macroeconomics Kiedaisch Christian 45h th. + 15h ex. 5 EPOLB304 Analysis of (inter)national economic discourse Borriello Arthur 30h th. + 15h ex. 4 -
Humanities
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 ECGEB140 Sociology 45h th. + 15h ex. 5 ECGEB121 Economic and social history Roekens Anne 45h th. + 7.5h ex. 5 ECGEB120 Philosophy De Briey Laurent 45h th. + 15h ex. 5 ECGEB221 Psychology 30h th. 3 Translated with DeepL.com (free version)EPICB322 Anthropology 30h th. + 22.5h ex. 4 EPICB141 Communication fundamentals and news analysis 30h th. + 30h ex. 5 -
Methods
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 ECGEB110 Data Organization and Processing 30h th. + 15h ex. 4 ECGEB152 Statistics 30h th. + 15h ex. 5 EPOLB214 Criticism of information sources Collard Anne-Sophie 30h th. + 15h ex. 5 EPICB225 Statistics for the social sciences De Bodt Cyril 15h th. + 30h ex. 4 -
Project
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 EPOLB221 Research Project : Policy-making in transforming societies Burnay Nathalie 75h th. + 15h ex. 10 Soft skillsEPOLB322 Project : European Integration. Learning Theories in Negotiation Role-plays Borriello Arthur Dodeigne Jérémy 60h th. + 50h ex. 10 Soft skillsEPICB132 Project: Decoding political communication Borriello Arthur 37.5h th. + 30h ex. 5 -
Languages
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 Soft skillsECDLB190 Anglais 1 (niveau B1+) Bulon Amélie Dupal Jérémie 30h th. 3 ECDLB290 English 2 (level B1+ or higher) Hoorelbeke Christelle 30h th. 3 ECDLB390 English 3 (level B2) Hoorelbeke Christelle Foissac Patrick 30h th. 3 -
Spanish
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 ECDLB196 Spanish 1 (minimum level A2) Marsily Aurélie 30h th. 3 ECDLB296 Español 2 (nivel B1 o superior) Marsily Aurélie 30h th. 3 ECDLB396 Español 3 (nivel B1+ o superior) Marsily Aurélie 30h th. 3 -
German
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 ECDLB192 German 1 (minimum level A2) Vanoirbeek Fabienne Palm Christian 60h th. 3 ECDLB193 German 1 (A1+) 30h th. 3 ECDLB292 Deutsch 2 (Level B1) Vanoirbeek Fabienne Palm Christian 30h th. 3 ECDLB392 Deutsch 3 (mindestens level B1+) Vanoirbeek Fabienne Palm Christian 30h th. 3 -
Dutch
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Course 1 - intermediate level
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 ECDLB191 Elementair Nederlands: basisgrammatica, -woordenschat en dagelijkse situaties Miceli Marc 30h th. 3 ECDLB291 Mondelinge en schriftelijke communicatie in het alledaagse Nederlands Naveau Sophie 30h th. 3 ECDLB391 Mondelinge en schriftelijke communicatie op de werkvloer -B1 Hoorelbeke Christelle Miceli Marc 30h th. 3 -
Course 2 - advanced level
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 ECDLB181 Kritische benadering van socio-economische onderwerpen Naveau Sophie 30h th. 3 ECDLB281 De Vlaamse/Nederlandse bedrijfswereld - interculturaliteit Miceli Marc 30h th. 3 ECDLB381 Bedrijfscommunicatie en sollicitatiegesprekken – B2 Hoorelbeke Christelle 30h th. 3
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Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 UNAM0059 Religions, Society, and Politics 24h th. 3 UNAM0060 The philosophical question of God 24h th. 3 UNAM0061 Comparative religions 24h th. 3 UNAM0062 Science and religion: a history of controversies 24h th. 3 UNAM0063 Fulfilling oneself as a human being: an adventure of inner discovery 30h th. 3 -
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 UNAM0057 Taking action for the planet (SGEO B316) 8h th. + 30h ex. 2
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Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 MMEDB360 One Health Wieërs Grégoire Lachapelle Amélie Canon Caroline 15h th. 3 UNAM0064 Environmental philosophy 20h th. 3 UNAM0065 Thinking in systems 26h th. 3 UNAM0043 Global change and the Anthropocene Yans Johan Dendoncker Nicolas Yans Johan Linard Catherine Houssiau Laurent Henry Sabine 24h th. 3 Soft skillsUNAM0047 Law, sustainable development and transition 24h th. 3 Soft skillsUNAM0055 JEDDT 18h th. + 16h ex. 3 Soft skillsUNAM0055_Part 1 JEDDT 14h th. 1 -
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 UNAM0066 UNIVERSEH offer Libert Anne-Sophie 3 -
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 UNAM0048 Artificial intelligence: challenges and opportunities 24h th. 3 Soft skillsUNAM0049 Science for all : Introduction to popular science 24h th. 3 UNAM0054 DigiComp 2.2 - Getting to grips with the digital world in my studies and beyond Depommier Clara 16h th. 2 -
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 UNAM0067 Critical thinking and intellectual self-defense 30h th. 3 UNAM0068 Gender and racial bias. How to identify, reflect on, and avoid it? 30h th. 3 -
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 UNAM0069 Ethics of human-animal relations 20h th. 3 -
Code Name Staff Th.+Ex. Credits/Block 1 2 3 UNAM0052 MOOC “Aim for success – become a super student” Wathelet Valérie 2h th. 2 UNAM0041 MOOC "Aim for success - become a super student". Wathelet Valérie 2h th. 2 UNAM0056 Biémar Sandrine 3h th. 2 UNAM0034 Public risk management and emergency management 20h th. 3
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Political Science
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 EPICB160 Political Science Dodeigne Jérémy 5 45h th. + 15h ex. EPOLB118 Introduction to diplomacy Braspenning Thierry 5 30h th. + 15h ex. -
Law
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECGEB130 Foundations of law De Streel Alexandre 5 45h th. + 15h ex. -
Economy
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECGEB170 Economic facts and decisions De Crombrugghe De Picquendaele Alain 5 45h th. + 15h ex. -
Humanities
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECGEB140 Sociology 5 45h th. + 15h ex. ECGEB121 Economic and social history Roekens Anne 5 45h th. + 7.5h ex. ECGEB120 Philosophy De Briey Laurent 5 45h th. + 15h ex. EPICB141 Communication fundamentals and news analysis 5 30h th. + 30h ex. -
Methods
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECGEB110 Data Organization and Processing 4 30h th. + 15h ex. ECGEB152 Statistics 5 30h th. + 15h ex. -
Project
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 Soft skillsEPICB132 Project: Decoding political communication Borriello Arthur 5 37.5h th. + 30h ex. -
Languages
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 Soft skillsECDLB190 Anglais 1 (niveau B1+) Bulon Amélie Dupal Jérémie 3 10h th. 20h th. -
Spanish
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB196 Spanish 1 (minimum level A2) Marsily Aurélie 3 15h th. 15h th. -
German
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB192 German 1 (minimum level A2) Vanoirbeek Fabienne Palm Christian 3 30h th. 30h th. ECDLB193 German 1 (A1+) 3 15h th. 15h th. -
Dutch
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Course 1 - intermediate level
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB191 Elementair Nederlands: basisgrammatica, -woordenschat en dagelijkse situaties Miceli Marc 3 15h th. 15h th. -
Course 2 - advanced level
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB181 Kritische benadering van socio-economische onderwerpen Naveau Sophie 3 15h th. 15h th.
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Choice of course
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International Relations Department
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 LHISB005 Historical introduction to the main non-European civilisations ("Arab-Muslim world - Sub-Saharan Africa" module) Renard Etienne 5 22.5h th. 22.5h th. LHISB006 Historical introduction to the main non-European civilisations (India-China module) 5 22.5h th. 22.5h th. -
Democracies and Society Transitions stream
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 EPOLB216 New social and political conflicts Borriello Arthur 5 30h th. + 15h ex.
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Political Science
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 EPOLB260 History of political ideas De Briey Laurent 4 30h th. + 15h ex. EPOLB217 Democracies, Populisms and Extremism Borriello Arthur 5 30h th. + 15h ex. LHISB204_Prêté Belgian political structures and institutions in contemporary times Dodeigne Jérémy Tixhon Axel 5 45h th. -
Law
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 DROIB102 Constitutional law Vuye Hendrik 5 38h th. + 3h ex. 37h th. + 3h ex. -
Economy
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECGEB270 Macroeconomics Kiedaisch Christian 5 45h th. + 15h ex. -
Humanities
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECGEB221 Psychology 3 30h th. -
Methods
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 EPOLB214 Criticism of information sources Collard Anne-Sophie 5 30h th. + 15h ex. EPICB225 Statistics for the social sciences De Bodt Cyril 4 15h th. + 30h ex. -
Project
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 EPOLB221 Research Project : Policy-making in transforming societies Burnay Nathalie 10 45h th. + 7h ex. 30h th. + 8h ex. -
Languages
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB290 English 2 (level B1+ or higher) Hoorelbeke Christelle 3 30h th. -
Spanish
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB296 Español 2 (nivel B1 o superior) Marsily Aurélie 3 15h th. 15h th. -
German
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB292 Deutsch 2 (Level B1) Vanoirbeek Fabienne Palm Christian 3 15h th. 15h th. -
Dutch
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Course 1 - intermediate level
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB291 Mondelinge en schriftelijke communicatie in het alledaagse Nederlands Naveau Sophie 3 15h th. 15h th. -
Course 2 - advanced level
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB281 De Vlaamse/Nederlandse bedrijfswereld - interculturaliteit Miceli Marc 3 15h th. 15h th.
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Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 MMEDB360 One Health Wieërs Grégoire Lachapelle Amélie Canon Caroline 3 15h th. UNAM0064 Environmental philosophy 3 20h th. UNAM0065 Thinking in systems 3 26h th. UNAM0043 Global change and the Anthropocene Yans Johan Dendoncker Nicolas Yans Johan Linard Catherine Houssiau Laurent Henry Sabine 3 24h th. Soft skillsUNAM0047 Law, sustainable development and transition 3 24h th. Soft skillsUNAM0055 JEDDT 3 12h th. + 5h ex. 6h th. + 11h ex. Soft skillsUNAM0055_Part 1 JEDDT 1 14h th. -
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 UNAM0066 UNIVERSEH offer Libert Anne-Sophie 3 -
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 UNAM0048 Artificial intelligence: challenges and opportunities 3 24h th. Soft skillsUNAM0049 Science for all : Introduction to popular science 3 12h th. 12h th. UNAM0054 DigiComp 2.2 - Getting to grips with the digital world in my studies and beyond Depommier Clara 2 16h th. -
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 UNAM0067 Critical thinking and intellectual self-defense 3 30h th. UNAM0068 Gender and racial bias. How to identify, reflect on, and avoid it? 3 30h th. -
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 UNAM0069 Ethics of human-animal relations 3 20h th. -
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 UNAM0052 MOOC “Aim for success – become a super student” Wathelet Valérie 2 2h th. UNAM0041 MOOC "Aim for success - become a super student". Wathelet Valérie 2 2h th. UNAM0056 Biémar Sandrine 2 3h th. UNAM0034 Public risk management and emergency management 3 20h th.
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Choice of course
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International Relations Department
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 LHISB319 War and Strategy in Late Modern History Tixhon Axel 5 30h th. EFASB359 International economic relations Trimarchi Lorenzo 5 30h th. -
Democracies and Society Transitions stream
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 EPOLB308 Theories of democracy and democratic innovations De Briey Laurent 5 30h th. + 15h ex. EPOLB309 Ecological governance 5 30h th. + 15h ex.
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Political Science
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 EPOLB317 Public governance 5 30h th. + 15h ex. EPOLB362 International Relations Theories Braspenning Thierry 5 30h th. + 15h ex. Soft skillsEPOLB364 Belgian and comparative policy issues Dodeigne Jérémy Dodeigne Jérémy 5 45h th. + 15h ex. -
Law
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 EPOLB315 History and law of international relations 3 30h th. DROIB210 EU Institutional law De Streel Alexandre 5 45h th. -
Economy
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 EPOLB304 Analysis of (inter)national economic discourse Borriello Arthur 4 30h th. + 15h ex. -
Humanities
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 Translated with DeepL.com (free version)EPICB322 Anthropology 4 30h th. + 22.5h ex. -
Project
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 Soft skillsEPOLB322 Project : European Integration. Learning Theories in Negotiation Role-plays Borriello Arthur Dodeigne Jérémy 10 30h th. + 20h ex. 30h th. + 30h ex. -
Languages
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB390 English 3 (level B2) Hoorelbeke Christelle Foissac Patrick 3 30h th. -
Spanish
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB396 Español 3 (nivel B1+ o superior) Marsily Aurélie 3 15h th. 15h th. -
German
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB392 Deutsch 3 (mindestens level B1+) Vanoirbeek Fabienne Palm Christian 3 15h th. 15h th. -
Dutch
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Course 1 - intermediate level
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB391 Mondelinge en schriftelijke communicatie op de werkvloer -B1 Hoorelbeke Christelle Miceli Marc 3 15h th. 15h th. -
Course 2 - advanced level
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 ECDLB381 Bedrijfscommunicatie en sollicitatiegesprekken – B2 Hoorelbeke Christelle 3 15h th. 15h th.
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Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 UNAM0059 Religions, Society, and Politics 3 24h th. UNAM0060 The philosophical question of God 3 24h th. UNAM0061 Comparative religions 3 24h th. UNAM0062 Science and religion: a history of controversies 3 24h th. UNAM0063 Fulfilling oneself as a human being: an adventure of inner discovery 3 30h th. -
Code Name Staff Credits Hours/Quarter 1 2 UNAM0057 Taking action for the planet (SGEO B316) 2 4h th. + 15h ex. 4h th. + 15h ex.
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Les métiers essentiels pour les grands défis de demain
Essential professions for tomorrow's major challenges
Power, power and decisions
As political scientists, you master the principles through which society is structured.
Experts in understanding the mechanisms of power and political, economic and social life, you unravel the secrets and stakes of public action on the local, regional, national and international scene.
The history of democracy, liberalism and nationalism, as well as your knowledge of economics, law, history and philosophy, enable you to take a critical look at today's society. This unique ability to cross viewpoints sets you apart and places you among the players best prepared to understand and help the world we live in evolve.
Political life
Graduates play an active role in political life within ministerial cabinets, political parties, trade unions, parliamentary groups... They follow debates and prepare in-depth dossiers on specific issues for elected representatives.
National and international public administration
Whatever the level of power (federal, community, regional, provincial or communal), political scientists are apt to manage day-to-day affairs in all public services (health, interior, finance, education, foreign affairs...).
Many graduates dream of working for an international organization (European Union, NATO, FAO...). Competitive examinations and national quotas limit job opportunities in this sector. Nevertheless, most of these institutions offer internships to young graduates, which can, in some cases, increase the chances of landing a job there as a contract worker.
Associative world
From neighborhood committees to development aid organizations in the broadest sense, there are many associations where political science graduates can put themselves at the service of public affairs. There, they perform research, decision-making or management functions.
Other sectors
Political scientists can work in the media or become spokespersons for political organizations, provided, of course, that they demonstrate specific personal aptitudes, or even benefit from additional training. Large private companies (banks, consultancies...) appreciate the international outlook of certain political scientists, to whom they entrust missions where links with foreign countries are now crucial.
Key players in society
Capable of using legal, sociological, political and economic knowledge to develop a coherent narrative on a given subject, political scientists have a wide sphere of professional action. When it comes to landing a first job, in addition to mastery of analytical methods (qualitative and quantitative), proficiency in languages and a wealth of commitment, particularly in the associative world, will often be decisive.
Architects of public action
Political science students share a strong sense of public interest, both locally and globally. Indeed, it's to encourage this openness to the world that UNamur offers students in this field the chance to take an Erasmus trip as early as the third bachelor's block.
Changing society requires an understanding of its innermost workings. At the end of their training, political scientists master the workings of Belgian and/or international institutions, as well as the economics and management of public affairs. They are prepared to draw up action programs, both realistic and respectful of constraints, in response to increasingly complex societal problems.
Studies in political science also develop the ability to communicate in French and foreign languages. Political scientists must be able to explain what they do and rigorously defend the results of their action.