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Researchers at UNamur have developed a new method that has uncovered 32 previously undetected bugs in some of the most widely used software libraries for training artificial intelligence models. Originating from a master’s thesis, this research has already led to fixes in several software programs used by millions of developers around the world. 

Veterinary medicine is a discipline at the intersection of medicine, biology, agronomy, and pharmacy. It focuses on the collective and individual health of farm animals and companion animals, as well as its implications for the environment, human health, and society. At the forefront of managing public health issues and monitoring infectious diseases, veterinarians are also a driving force in biomedical research involving both humans and animals. In this sense, veterinary medicine is an indispensable link in global health. 

Fostering curiosity about the Earth and the natural world: a key to meeting the challenges of tomorrow.

Mathematics, which has been developing since the dawn of time, shapes our daily lives and provides tools for the future. At the heart of the hard sciences—such as physics, chemistry, and biology—mathematics plays a vital role in a wide range of applied problems, whether in computer science and telecommunications, through discrete mathematics and algorithmics, in meteorology and space science, through the theory of dynamical systems, or in finance and actuarial science, through probability and stochastic processes. 

Learn how to address the social and environmental challenges facing our society to develop a scientific approach focused on the future and on solving societal issues!

Ever since the discovery of fire in prehistoric times, human beings have been fascinated by matter, its properties, and the changes it undergoes—whether naturally or as a result of human intervention. Now known as “chemists,” specialists in the reactivity of matter continue to pursue the art of experimentation and discovery. The products of their essential knowledge are applied in the fields of nutrition, health, hygiene, transportation, sports, construction, and environmental protection. 

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy in which human papillomavirus (HPV) status strongly influences therapeutic response. HPV-positive tumors generally show greater sensitivity to treatment, whereas HPV-negative tumors are associated with a poorer prognosis and increased resistance. This thesis investigated how HPV status shapes cellular adaptation to therapeutic stress, with a particular focus on therapy-induced senescence (TIS), autophagy, and MMS19.HPV- HNSCC cells developed a senescence-like phenotype following cisplatin or X-ray irradiation, whereas HPV+ cells showed limited induction. Silencing of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 in HPV-positive cells enhanced this phenotype, indicating that HPV actively modulates treatment-induced cellular responses. Proteomic analyses further identified autophagy- and lysosome-related pathways as major features distinguishing HPV- from HPV+ cells. Autophagy inhibition predominantly impaired proliferation and clonogenic survival in HPV- cells, supporting an HPV-dependent autophagy–senescence axis involved in treatment adaptation.The second part of this thesis identified MMS19, a component of the cytosolic iron–sulfur cluster assembly machinery, as a potential determinant of HPV- HNSCC resistance. MMS19 was associated with poorer clinical outcomes, while its silencing impaired proliferation and clonogenic survival, particularly in HPV- cells.Together, these findings identify autophagy-dependent remodeling and MMS19-associated genome maintenance as potential vulnerabilities contributing to therapeutic resistance in HPV- HNSCC. Jury Prof. Anne-Catherine HEUSKIN (UNamur), ChairProf. Carine MICHIELS (UNamur), SecretaryProf. Francis RODIER (UMontreal)Prof. Yves POUMAY (UNamur)Prof. Anabelle DECOTTIGNIES (UCLouvain)Prof. Marc THERRIEN (University of Montreal)Prof. Sue YOM (UCSF)

Biology is the science of life.  From the cell to the ecosystem, it studies all forms of life. It is essential for understanding complex societal issues related to the environment, health, and sustainable development. 

Physics: An Adventure of the Mind. From the infinitely small to the infinitely large, from elementary particles to galaxies, are you eager to understand the why and how of the natural phenomena you observe?  Why is the sky blue? How does an airplane take off? How does radiation therapy work? What are the effects of global warming? How can nanotechnology revolutionize telecommunications? How can we produce energy without depleting the planet?Physics answers all your questions. 

AbstractIn this work, I aimed to accurately simulate the Raman optical activity (ROA) signatures of flexible solute molecules in their environment. Indeed, these systems are quite challenging due to the potentially huge number of conformers—that is, local minima on the potential energy surface (PES). Furthermore, the environment can drastically alter the PES, as evidenced by experimental ROA spectra that vary significantly depending on the molecule’s conformation and its surroundings. To address this issue, we have developed a hierarchy of methodologies designated M1, M2, and M3. In M1 and M2, the so-called static approach is used: one or more conformers are identified, their geometries are reoptimized at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level, and their vibrational signatures are simulated, typically using the harmonic approximation. The initial list of conformers was obtained using the CREST algorithm. In M1, the solvent is treated implicitly, whereas in M2, explicit solvent molecules are added around the solute molecule. In M3, we perform ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the solute molecule surrounded by explicit solvent molecules. The spectrum is obtained by evaluating time-correlation functions along the trajectory. Our first systems of interest were cryptophane derivatives. These are flexible cage-like systems consisting of two hemispheres connected by three -O-(CH₂)n-O- (denoted Cr–nnn) linkers that exhibit chiroptical properties. For Cr–111, the smallest possible cryptophane, the M1 methodology showed good agreement with experimental data, especially in the fingerprint region. However, we demonstrated that the relative ratio between the different conformers was strongly influenced by the choice of the exchange-correlation (XC) functional in our DFT calculations, highlighting the sensitivity of the potential energy surface (PES) description. Cr–222 molecules have been shown to be more flexible, as evidenced by a greater number of significant conformers. The overall agreement with experimental data was also satisfactory. Finally, to test our different approaches (M1–M3), I performed new ROA measurements of amino acids in water at the University of Bordeaux in Dr. Daugey’s laboratory. When compared to our simulations, we clearly observed an improvement in the ROA signatures when explicit water molecules were added to our simulations (M2 vs. M1). Unfortunately, the M3 method did not perform as expected, and further investigation is needed. Overall, I have shown that the PES, as described by our various methodologies, is highly sensitive to various simulation parameters—such as the XC functional, the number and position of explicit solvent molecules, and so on—and that all of these factors strongly influence the simulated ROA signatures.JuryProf. Francesca CECCHET (UNamur), ChairProf. Vincent LIÉGEOIS (UNamur), SecretaryProf. Benoît CHAMPAGNE (UNamur)Prof. Carine CLAVAGUÉRA (University of Paris-Saclay)Dr. Nicolas DAUGEY (University of Bordeaux)

AbstractEnvironmental change rarely occurs as a single, isolated event; organisms and communities typically experience one stressor against the backdrop of another that has already passed. Arunima Sikder’s doctoral thesis examines whether an organism’s past environment shapes its response to the environment that follows, and whether that influence propagates upward to affect the stability of the communities to which these organisms belong.The thesis addresses this question in Synechococcus sp., a globally significant marine primary producer, using thermal and chemical stressors as its two environmental drivers. Working across three levels of biological organization, the study examines how past environments shape responses to subsequent ones—whether they occur in sequence, fluctuate, or occur in combination—using functional traits as the common metric for measuring these responses.The results reveal three key findings. First, sensitivity to a stressor depends on the sequence of exposure, not on the stressor alone. Second, response diversity predicts community stability only when measured under the community’s actual acclimation history, rather than under sustained conditions as conventional wisdom assumes. Third, an apparent contradiction in biodiversity–ecosystem function theory—a negative relationship between functional diversity and performance.Together, these findings suggest that sensitivity, response diversity, and functional diversity should be treated as state-dependent quantities rather than fixed properties, with implications for how the performance of biological systems is measured and modeled under increasingly variable environmental conditions.JuryProf. Alice DENNIS (UNamur), ChairProf. Frederik DE LAENDER (UNamur), SecretaryProf. Maren STRIEBEL (Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg)Prof. Giulia GHEDINI (Monash University)Prof. Eli THORÉ (UNamur)