Romain Waroquier holds a PhD in History and is a postdoctoral researcher at the Pratiques médiévales de l'écrit (PraME) research center at UNamur. Since 2024, and thanks to the patronage of the public utility foundation Institut Moretus Plantin, he has inventoried, identified and analyzed each of the 214 documents that make up the archive deposited at the BUMP by Count René de Brouchoven de Bergeyck de Namur d'Elzée, whose ancestors were Counts of Namur (before 1421) and Lords of Dhuy (today's commune of Éghezée).

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Photo Romain Waroquier

The collection is exceptional for two reasons: firstly, its chronological depth, which goes right back to the heart of the Middle Ages. The oldest document dates back to 1263, and it is extremely rare for noble archives to have survived through the centuries, and in particular the French Revolution, which resulted in the destruction of many documents recalling our regions' feudal past.Secondly, the collection is remarkable for its coherence: it illustrates, in an unprecedented way, the history of the seigneury of Dhuy, its château (pictured above circa 1828) and its outbuildings. This seigneury has been passed down, without discontinuity, within the same family since the early 15th century

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Romain Waroquier Doctorate in history and postdoctoral researcher at the Pratiques médiévales de l'écrit (PraME) research center.

A land register unique in the province of Namur

By depositing part of his archives at the BUMP, the Count of Brouchoven de Bergeyck has made an important gesture to the scientific world, which will now be able to exploit them and shed light on certain aspects of the seigniorial history of the Namur region in the Middle Ages.

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"The 1263 charter(see image opposite), which relates the donation of the haughty seigneury(the lord's right over persons and property under his jurisdiction, NDLR)by the Count of Namur to Libert de Dhuy, had only been transmitted through copies. We now have access to the original within the Bergeyck fonds," enthuses Romain Waroquier.

Fonds de Bergeyck - Charte de 1263

"Alongside some twenty charters documenting the intra-family transmission of the seigneury (1263-1490), the centerpiece of the collection lies in a book or polyptique foncier, a management document in which descriptions of the lands making up the Dhuy seigneury are recorded. This manuscript was written in two phases, the first in 1417 and the second probably around 1489," continues the medievalist. "This type of document is usually found in the case of large ecclesiastical estates". In the context of a secular seigneury, this polyptych has only one comparable equivalent in the Mosan area, the censier of the seigneury of Jauche, dated 1444 and studied by historian Georges Despy. It is therefore a unique document in the province of Namur, but also extremely rare on a wider scale.

A seigneury with a special status

"The document's raison d'être raises questions: it's not a censier, because the description of the seigneury is not based on cens (fee paid to the seigneur by the tenants of a piece of land, Editor's note). So it's not a question of taxation. And the historian goes on to give his hypothesis as to the origin of the manuscript: "the possessions making up the seigneury of Dhuy were brought together at the end of the 14th century by Jean de Namur, the youngest son of Count of Namur Guillaume Ier. The seigneury of Dhuy was his personal possession, over which he bought back all rights and possessions between 1390 and 1392, when he was lord of Wienendaele and Renaix, and not destined to rule. When he became lord of the county in 1418, after the death of his brother William II, without an heir, he probably had the assets of his personal seigneury inventoried to avoid it being confused with that of the county estate". In fact, we note that when the County of Namur was ceded to Philippe le Bon, Duke of Burgundy, in 1421, the seigneury of Dhuy was excluded from the sale. "This is clearly stipulated in the deed of sale of the county. The seigneury is ceded by Jean de Namur as an apanage (portion of domain granted by the lord, as compensation, to a child excluded from the succession of the title, Editor's note), to his natural son Philippe. It is excluded from the sale because it was Jean's possession before he became Count," concludes Romain Waroquier.

An inventory and publications to publicize the Fonds de Bergeyck

The scientific inventory produced by the researcher will shortly be published by Presses Universitaires de Namur. It will provide a detailed overview not only of the medieval part of the collection, but also of its modern and contemporary portions, which consist mainly of wills and marriage agreements (16th-17th centuries), personal documents and a fine epistolary file dating from the Napoleonic period: "This consists of some twenty letters exchanged between the Count and his son, who joined the Empire's army and died during the Spanish War of Independence (a conflict that pitted Spain and its allies against Napoleon I's France between 1808 and 1814, Editor's note)". Several scientific articles will follow, including a critical edition and contextualization of the famous livre foncier mentioned above. The medieval charters will also shortly be digitized and made accessible to the public on the Neptun portal of the Namur University Library. Finally, on October 2 at UNamur, a conference will unveil the riches of the Fonds de Bergeyck. See you there!

The Pratiques médiévales de l'écrit (PraME) research center

Founded in 2009, the PraME center brings together some twenty researchers who devote their work to writing and the many facets of writing activity in the medieval West. It enjoys recognition in Belgium and internationally, and has forged numerous interdisciplinary collaborations within and outside the academic world (archives, libraries, museums, learned societies, etc.), within the framework of research and scientific mediation projects. The PraME center is a hub of UNamur's PaTHs research institute.

This research project is supported by the Fondation d'utilité publique Institut Moretus Plantin.

Institut Moretus Plantin

This article was published in the Fond Namur Université newsletter.